Exception Handling

Exception Handling

Introduction to Exception Handling:

1. Understanding Exceptions:

• What are exceptions and why they occur.
• Different types of exceptions (e.g., TypeError, ValueError, FileNotFoundError).

2. Try and Except Blocks:

• Using the try and except keywords to handle exceptions.
• Wrapping potentially problematic code in a try block.

Basic Exception Handling:

1. Handling Specific Exceptions:

• Using specific except blocks for different exception types.
• Handling exceptions based on their causes.

2. Handling Multiple Exceptions:

• Using multiple except blocks for different exception scenarios.
• Ensuring appropriate error messages for each case.

3. Catching All Exceptions:

• Using a single except block to catch all exceptions.
• Displaying a generic error message.

4. else and finally:

• Using else block to execute code when no exceptions are raised.
• Using finally block for cleanup, whether an exception occurs or not.

Raising Exceptions:

1. raise Statement:

• Using the raise statement to intentionally raise exceptions.
• Creating custom exceptions with meaningful error messages.

2. Reraising Exceptions:

• Raising an exception again after handling it.
• Preserving the original exception context.

Working with Exceptions:

1. Exception Attributes:

• Accessing exception information using attributes.
• Retrieving error messages, error codes, etc.

2. Stack Trace and Traceback:

• Understanding the stack trace generated on exceptions.
• Using the traceback module to print and manipulate stack traces.

3. Exception Chaining:

• Creating a new exception while preserving the original cause.
• Chaining exceptions for improved error diagnosis.

Handling Custom Errors:

1. Creating Custom Exceptions:

• Defining custom exception classes using Exception as base.
• Adding attributes to store additional information.

2. Using Custom Exceptions:

• Raising and catching custom exceptions in your code.
• Creating more meaningful error handling for specific cases.

Best Practices:

1. Keep Exception Handling Specific:

• Avoid catching too broad exceptions.
• Handle only the exceptions you can handle effectively.

2. Logging Errors:

• Using the logging module to log error messages.
• Maintaining a log of exceptions for debugging.

3. Graceful Degradation:

• Implementing fallback strategies in case of exceptions.
• Ensuring that the program can continue gracefully.

4. Error Documentation:

• Documenting potential exceptions and error scenarios.
• Helping other developers understand error handling.