Built-in Functions and Modules
Certainly! Let's explore the world of built-in functions and how to use external modules in Python:
Built-in Functions:
1. print():
- Displaying output to the console.
- Printing variables and strings.
2. input():
- Taking user input from the console.
- Storing input in variables.
3. len():
- Finding the length of sequences (strings, lists, etc.).
- Getting the number of items in a collection.
4. type():
- Checking the data type of a variable.
- Using type information for conditional checks.
5. int(), float(), str():
- Type conversion functions.
- Converting between numeric and string types.
6. range():
- Generating sequences of numbers for looping.
- Specifying start, stop, and step parameters.
7. max(), min(), sum():
- Finding the maximum, minimum, and sum of values in a collection.
- Applicable to numeric sequences.
8. abs():
- Getting the absolute value of a number.
- Useful for distance calculations.
9. round():
- Rounding a number to a specified number of decimal places.
- Ensuring more readable or precise output.
10. sorted():
- Sorting elements of a collection (list, tuple, string).
- Sorting with custom key functions and reverse order.
11. enumerate():
- Enumerating items in a sequence along with their indices.
- Simplifying looping through sequences.
Modules and Libraries:
1. Importing Modules:
- Using the import statement to load external modules.
- Accessing functions, classes, and variables from modules.
2. Standard Library:
- Overview of Python's extensive standard library.
- Examples of modules for various tasks (e.g., math, random, datetime).
3. Creating Your Own Modules:
- Organizing functions and classes into reusable modules.
- Importing your own modules in different scripts.
4. Using Third-Party Libraries:
- Installing external libraries using pip.
- Importing and using functions from third-party libraries.
5. Virtual Environments:
- Creating isolated Python environments for projects.
- Managing dependencies and avoiding conflicts.
6. Exploring Module Documentation:
- Using the help() function to access module documentation.
- Online documentation and resources.
7. Writing Documentation with Docstrings:
- Adding docstrings to your functions and classes.
- Generating documentation using tools like Sphinx.
8. Alias and "as" Keyword:
- Renaming imported modules for convenience.
- Avoiding naming conflicts.
9. Using Library Functions:
- Exploring various libraries and their key functions.
- Applying library functions to solve specific problems.
10. Modules for Data Processing:
- Using modules for data manipulation (e.g., numpy, pandas).
- Performing mathematical operations and data analysis.
